MELAKA: 400 TAHUN YANG GELAP
MELAKA: 400 TAHUN YANG GELAP
Antara beberapa siri yang sempat direkodkan oleh
orang kita mahupun penjajah . Ini merupakan sebahagian saja siri pertempuran
yang hanya berkisar di Melaka & Johor. Belum dicampur dengan siri-siri
peperangan di negeri lain.
16th CENTURY:
1510 Bendahara Tun Mutahir is murdered. Sultan
Mahmud Shah temporarily retires and is succeeded by his son, Sultan Ahmad Shah
1511 After a 10 day siege, Malacca falls to the
Portuguese armada, led by Alfonso D' Albuquerque. The Portuguese rule in
Malacca lasts over 130 years.
1512 Albuquerque returns to Goa in January after
completing the "A Famosa" fortress that incorporated a five storey
tall tower. Sultan Mahmud Shah attacks the Portuguese in Malacca
1513 Sultan Mahmud and his son Alaudin led armies to
storm Portuguese
1513 Patih Unus, a Javanese trader later to become
Sultan Demak of Sumatra, attacks Malacca.
1514 Alliance with Java storm Portuguese fort at
Malacca
1516 Laksamana (Admiral) Hang Nadim attacks Malacca
1518 Sultan Mahmud Shah's army surrounds the city
for three months
1523 Sultan Mahmud Shah attacks Malacca.
1524 Admiral Hang Nadim besieges Malacca and cuts
off its food supply
1535 Gustavoe De Gama attacked Kota Kara. War at
sea. Repulsed
1535 between 2 months, again attacked by Gustavoe De
Gama. Repulsed
1539 Acheh attacked Aru, Johor Alliance.. War at
land. Aru razed to ground.
1540 Johor attack Acheh at Aru, known as Battle of
Sg. Paneh.. and recaptured it. 12,000 Acheh soldiers perished.
1537 First Acehnese attack on Portuguese in Malacca.
1551 Combined forces of Johor, Japara and Perak
attack Malacca and hold it under siege for three months.
1553 Fr. Francis Xavier, who dies in Sanction
Island, near Canton, China, is buried in St. Paul's Church. After nine months,
his remains are moved to Goa.
1564 Acheh attack Johor, Kota Batu dan Johor lama
razed to ground
1567 With help from Johor, the Acehnese attack
Malacca again but are defeated.
1571 The Acehnese attempt an attack on Malacca again
but their invasion is foiled by a storm
1572 Malacca attacked again by Sultan of Acheh
1573 again by Sultan of Acheh
1574 Malacca attacked again by Sultan Jawa
1575 Again by Acheh
1575 Japara attacks Malacca
1576 Portuguese fleet attacked Johor Kota Batu...
beaten back
1578 Portugeuse fleet again attacked Kota Batu.. and
again beaten back
1582 Acheh again attacked Kota Batu.. also beaten
back
1585 Johor attacks Malacca
1586 Johor fleet storm Malacca fort, Alaudin led,
and general singaraja conquer the northern part of the fort
1587 Portugeuse storm Kota Batu again, beaten back
by allies of Johor form Minangkabaus, Javanese, Trengganu and Pahang
1587 again, in 2 months.. they try to storm the Kota
Batu.. and again they beaten back
1588 Kota Batu fell to Portugeuse, with help from
fleets from Goa India
1597 The Dutch attack Malacca
17th CENTURY:
1606 A combined Dutch and Johor force attacks
Malacca. The timely arrival of Portuguese reinforcement from Goa saves Malacca
1613 Acheh attacked Batu sawar, captured it
1615 The Acehnese mount another attack on Malacca.
1628 Acehnese hold Malacca for eight months before
withdrawing.
1636 Dutch ships destroy Portuguese ships off the
harbour.
1641 Dutch and Johor Malays attack again. After a
fierce battle, the Portuguese were forced to Surrender. Dutch rule in Malacca
lasts for 154 years.
1645 Cheng Hoon Teng temple is built by Chinese head
man, Lee Wei King. This is the oldest surviving temple in Malaysia
1645/70 Dutch war with Naning in the interior due to
the locals not paying tax
1650 The Stadthuys or "State house", the
residence of the Dutch Governor, as well as the administrative centre is built
18th Century:
1756 The Bugis(from Moluccas) under Daing Kamboja
attack Malacca
1784 Raja Haji lands in Malacca to capture it but is
killed
1795 The British take over Malacca from the Dutch
19th Century
1806 The British begin the total demolition of
Portuguese fortress and abandonment of Malacca. They planned to transfer the
trade and population to Penang in order to weaken Malacca's standing as a
trading centre
1808 The timely arrival of Stamford Raffles saves
Malacca from total destruction
1818 With the end of the Napoleonic Wars, Malacca is
returned to the Dutch under the Treaty of Venice
1819 Sultan Hussain Mohammad Shah of Johor cedes
Singapore to the English East India Company. The Sultan’s grave remained in
Singapore.
1824 By an Anglo-Dutch Treaty, or Treaty of London,
Malacca is firmly placed under British rule. Along with Penang and Singapore,
Malacca is incorporated into the Straits Settlement in 1826
1867 The administration of the Straits Settlements
is transferred from The Governor - General of India's Office to the Colonial
office in London and Malacca becomes a British colony.
20th Century:
1942 The Japanese Occupation forces take over
Malacca
1945 Malacca is returrned to British rule after the
Japanese surrender to the British in Singapore
1948 A state of "Emergency" is proclaimed
as Malaya fights against communist insurgency. Malacca joins the Federation of
Malaya
1956 The proclamation of the date of independence by
Tunku Abdul Rahman,
Malaysia's first Prime Minister takes place at
Padang Bandar Hilir (Padang Pahlawan) in Malacca on 20th February
1957 Malaysia achieves her Independence on August
31st. Malacca's last British Resident Commissioner H.G. Hammet, hands the
instrument of independence to the first Local Governor.
-Tun Mohd Hilmi-
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